Trong IELTS Writing Task 1, PROCESS chính là dạng bài ai cũng muốn “né”, đặc biệt là khi gặp 5 đề bài “huyền thoại” dưới đây. Dù cho có thuộc lòng các từ vựng chuyên môn trong các chủ đề này thì thí sinh vẫn có thể mất điểm như chơi vì không biết bắt đầu từ đâu, kết nối câu – ý như thế nào.
Hãy cùng IPP tham khảo các bài viết band 7.5+ dưới đây và lưu lại ngay để dùng dần nhé!
Miêu tả quá trình tiến hóa của ngựa
Đề bài: The diagrams below show the development of the horse over a period of 40 million years. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Bài mẫu:
The picture describes the horse’s evolution from 40 million years ago until now, focusing on the bone structure of its foot. Overall, as the animal gets more prominent in size and has longer limbs, the toes disappear one by one, eventually replaced by a sole hoof.
Eohippus, which existed circa 40 million years ago, was the ancestor of the horse. It was much smaller, standing at about one-fourth the size of a modern horse. All four legs and the tail were relatively short, and, on each paw, there were distinctively four toes. About 10 million years later, the Eohippus became the Mesohippus, which was slightly larger and taller. The foot had lost one toe, and the middle toe had enlarged to create a symmetrical structure. Notably, the Mesohippus had started to develop what would become the horse mane.
At around 15 million years ago, the Merychippus appeared. This pre-historic horse largely resembled the modern horse but at about half the size. The foot still had three toes, but the middle one was greater in size and protruded more to the front. The mane had also become more visible. Finally, the horse today has all the toes reduced just to a single hoof. It is taller, with lengthier limbs, a more defined tail, and a clearer mane on the neck.
– 219 words, written by Mr. Nam Le (IPP CPO & Marketing Manager) –
Từ vựng và collocations hay đã dùng:
– bone structure (n): cấu trúc xương
– prominent (adj): to, lớn
– hoof (n): móng guốc
– circa (pre): khoảng
– mane (n): bờm
– protrude (v): nhô ra
Miêu tả cấu tạo và cách hoạt động của khinh khí cầu
Đề bài: The picture below shows how a hot balloon works. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
Bài mẫu:
The given diagram depicts the mechanism inside a hot air balloon. It can be inferred that the hot air balloon’s operation is dependent on the principle where hot air rises to the top and cool air flows to the bottom.
The balloon itself is called the “envelope”, formed by sewing together “gores”, which are vertical sections comprising even smaller horizontal panels. On top of the balloon is a flap known as a parachute valve; during the hot air balloon’s flight, the valve controls the escape of excessive hot air and seals itself when hot air needs to be kept in. Meanwhile, the base of the balloon, called the “skirt”, is tied to the basket – the balloon’s passenger space – with several strong ropes. The basket’s most crucial parts are its propane cylinder and burner, responsible for providing the ignition that makes flight possible.
In order to fly, the burner mixes propane from the cylinder with air to produce flame and make hot air. As the air inside the balloon becomes hotter, it will rise to the top due to having a lower density than the cool air.
– 216 words, written by Mr. Nhat Pham (8.0 IELTS Writing) –
Từ vựng và collocations hay đã dùng:
– Mechanism (n.): cơ chế
– Infer (v.): suy luận
– Principle (n.): nguyên lý
– Excessive (adj.): dư thừa
– Ignition (n.): đánh lửa, bật lửa
Quy trình vận chuyển hàng hóa lên tàu
Đề bài: The diagram below shows the loading and unloading operation of container ships. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
Bài mẫu:
The diagram shows how goods are transferred within a harbor. It can be seen that two cranes, namely the quay crane and the RMG crane, play a vital role in handling goods.
Initially, when a freighter docks, a gigantic quay crane is utilized to help the vessel unload cargo. The quay crane does this by picking up items from the vessel’s cargo compartment, followed by moving them back into the land. On land, the cargo is subsequently taken by vehicles to the yard, where it is stacked and arranged by a machine called the RMG crane onto vehicles that take it to the gate. Afterward, the goods are transported either by rail or by road to their next destination.
The process of placing cargo on a freighter works inversely, as goods are first delivered to the harbor’s gate by truck and train, then brought to the yard. There, they are also stacked and arranged by the RMG crane to prepare them for the last loading stage. Finally, at the quayside, freight is loaded by the quay crane onto the vessel.
– 180 words, written by Mr. Nhat Pham (8.0 IELTS Writing) –
Từ vựng và collocations hay đã dùng:
– Freighter (n): tàu chở hàng
– Freight (n): hàng vận chuyển
– Dock (v): cập cảng
– Unload (v): bốc dỡ hàng
– Cargo compartment (n): buồng chứa hàng hóa
– Load (v): xếp hàng lên
Miêu tả quá trình làm nhà tuyết của người Eskimo
Đề bài: The illustration shows information about how an igloo is built from snow. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and making comparisons where relevant.
Bài mẫu:
The given diagram illustrates the process of building an igloo, a type of dwelling made by the Inuit people. It can be seen that the igloo is made solely of snow and that at least 10 steps are required to create this sort of shelter.
Initially, only hard-packed snow can be used to make igloos because of its toughness and thickness. After being collected, the snow is sawed into rectangular blocks, of which the largest ones are used to form the base of the igloo. When the base is complete, the next blocks will have their edges smoothed by the builder to be placed on top of one another, until a dome-like structure is shaped. Then, a hole is dug under the igloo’s wall in order to make an entrance, while on top of the dome, a significantly large block of snow will be used to cover the final opening. Thus, an igloo is shaped.
In the subsequent steps, softer snow is shoveled upon the igloo to provide further coverage, after which the builder makes sure that this snow is also packed tightly into all crevices between blocks. The inside of the igloo is burnished by hand, and afterward, the shelter’s entrance hole is covered with more snow blocks to prevent exposure to the cold. To conclude the process, small holes will be poked on the dwelling’s wall and roof to allow ventilation.
– 233 words, written by Mr. Nhat Pham (8.0 IELTS Writing) –
Từ vựng và collocations hay đã dùng:
– Burnish (v): làm nhẵn, làm mịn
– Poke (v): chọc
Miêu tả sự tiến hóa của công cụ cắt trong thời kỳ đồ đá
Đề bài: The diagram below shows the development of cutting tools in the Stone Age. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Bài mẫu:
The pictures describe the evolution of Stone Age cutting tools between 1.4 million and 0.8 million years ago. It can be seen that the latter design had seen vast improvements in the size, shape and finishing quality.
Tool A, which dated back to 1.4 million years ago, was rather small and rudimentary. At about 7cm in length, the tool was thin and did not display much craftsmanship. The front and back views were plain with only some slight chiseling effort while the side was rough and not very indicative of a cutting utensil.
Tool B showed many updated features compared to the older version. First of all, it was larger and sturdier due to a better water drop design with a broad base and a pointy top. Second, both front and back sides were grounded more evenly and smoothly. Finally, although the tool’s thickness stayed relatively the same after 0.6 million years, the side edge was undoubtedly much more finely sharpened.
– 161 words, written by Mr. Nam Le (IPP CPO & Marketing Manager) –
Từ vựng và collocations hay đã dùng:
– finishing quality (n): độ hoàn thiện
– rudimentary (adj): thô sơ
– chisel (v): đục chạm
– sturdy (adj): rắn chắc, cứng cáp
– finely (adv): tinh xảo
– sharpen (v): mài giũa
Chúc các bạn học tốt!
